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Antakli, Saad
- Separation and Determination of Paracetamol and Codeine Phosphate in Pharmaceutical Preparation by using High Performance Liquid Chromatography
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Aleppo, SY
1 Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Aleppo, SY
Source
Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology, Vol 12, No 3 (2019), Pagination: 1327-1332Abstract
Accurate and precise high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was developed for the determination of Paracetamol (Par) and Codeine phosphate (Cod) in pharmaceutical formulations. The chromatographic separation was achieved with acetonitrile: phosphoric acid (pH = 2.8) in ratio of 35:65 (v/v) as mobile phase on a Shim-pack clc-C8 column (25 cm x 4.6 mm i.d., 5 μm) with UV detection at 212 nm, pump flow rate 1.0 mL/min and sample injection volume 20 μL. The analysis time was < 8 min. The method was validated with respect to linearity, precision, accuracy, selectivity and specificity. The calibration curves showed good linearity over the concentration range of (3 - 600) μg/mL and (1 - 800) μg/mL for (Par) and (Cod) respectively in presence of methyl paraben (MP) as internal standard. The proposed method was successfully applied to analysis individual or mixture of (Par) and (Cod) in Syrian trademark drugs. All studied samples showed that the drug levels were conformed to united state pharmacopeia (USP) legislation. Finally, the described chromatographic procedure here is accurate, precise, selective and suitable for routine quality control analysis and stability tests.Keywords
HPLC, Paracetamol, Codeine Phosphate.
References
- United State Pharmacopeia 34. 2011.
- Martindal the Complete Drug Reference 35. 2007.
- Thuy DT, Hoang VD. Simultaneous Determination of Paracetamol and Codeine Phosphate In Combined Tablets by First-Order Derivative and Ratio Spectra First-Order Derivative UV Spectrophotometry. Asian J. Research Chem. 2009; 2(2): 143-147.
- Elsayed MA, Belal SF, Elwalily AM, Abdine H. Spectrophotometric Determination of Acetaminophen, Salicylamide and Codeine Phosphate in Tablets. Analyst Journal. 1979; (104): 620-625.
- Dinç E, Baleanu D, Onur F. Simultaneous Spectrophotometric Analysis of Codeine Phosphate Acetylsalicylic Acid and Caffeine in Tablets by Inverse Leastsquares and Principal Component Regression Techniques. Analytical Letters. 2014; 35(3): 545-558.
- Vojta J, Hanzlík P, Jedliˇcka A, Coufal P . Separation and Determination of Impurities in Paracetamol, Codeineand Pitophenone in The Presence of Fenpiverinium in Combined Suppository Dosage Form. Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis. 2015;102: 85-92.
- Schmidt AH. Validated HPLC Method for the Determination of Residues of Acetaminophen, Caffeine, and Codeine Phosphate on Swabs Collected from Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Equipment in Support of Cleaning Validation. Journal of Liquid Chromatography & Related Technologies. 2006; 29(11): 1663-1673.
- Maslarska V, Tencheva J. Simultaneous Determination and Validation of Paracetamol and Codeine Phosphate in Pharmaceutical Preparation by RP-HPLC. International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences. 2013; 5(2): 417-419.
- Belal F, Omar MA, Derayea S, Zayed S, Hammad MA, Saleh SF. Simultaneous Determination of Paracetamol, Caffeine and Codeine in Tablets and Human Plasma by Micellar Liquid Chromatography. European Journal of Chemistry. 2015; 6(4): 468-474.
- Garazhian E, Shishehbore MR. A New Sensitive Sensor for Simultaneous Differential Pulse Voltammetric Determination of Codeine and Acetaminophen Using a Hydroquinone Derivative and Multiwall Carbon Nanotubes Carbon Paste Electrode. International Journal of Analytical Chemistry. 2015.
- Santos AM, Silva TA, Vicentini FC, Fatibello O. Flow Injection Analysis System with Electrochemical Detection for The Simultaneous Determination of Nanomolar Levels of Acetaminophen and Codeine. Arabian J. of Chemistry. 2017.
- Santos AM, Vicentini FC, Deroco PB, Rocha RC, Fatibello O. Square-Wave Voltammetric Determination of Paracetamol and Codeine in Pharmaceutical and Human Body Fluid Samples Using a Cathodically Pretreated Boron-Doped Diamond Electrode. J. Braz. Chem. Soc. 2015; 10(26).
- Deroco PB, Vicentini FC, Fatibello O. An Electrochemical Sensor for the Simultaneous Determination of Paracetamol and Codeine Using a Glassy Carbon Electrode Modified with Nickel Oxide Nanoparticles and Carbon Black. Electroanalysis. 2015; 27: 2214-2220.
- Hasanpour F, Taei M, Tahmasebi S. Ultra-Sensitive Electrochemical Sensing of Acetaminophen and Codeine in Biological Fluids Using Cuo/CuFe2O4 Nanoparticles as a Novel Electrocatalyst. J.of Food and Drug analysis. 2017.
- Determination of Amoxicillin Trihydrate by Analytical Spectrophotometry
Abstract Views :195 |
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Aleppo, SY
1 Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Aleppo, SY
Source
Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology, Vol 12, No 6 (2019), Pagination: 2716-2720Abstract
Simple and rapid spectrophotometric method has been developed for the determination of Amoxicillin trihydrate in bulk and capsules formulation. The method is based on the formation of yellow ion-pair complex between Amoxicillin trihydrate and Bromocresol purple in Chloroform medium. The absorption maximum of the complex was found to be 408 nm. Different parameters affecting the reaction such as: effect of solvents, time, reagent concentration, correlation ratio, etc. were optimized. The formed complex was quantified spectrophotometrically at absorption maximum. Linearity range was 2.097 – 20.97 μg/mL, regression analysis showed a good correlation coefficient R2 = 0.9998. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) were to be 0.25 μg/mL and 0.76 μg/mL. The average percent recovery was found to be (98.66 - 100.00) % for Amoxicillin trihydrate. This study was applied on two Syrian pharmaceutical trademarks: (Amoxicillin APHAMEA 500, Amoxicillin THAMECO 500). The method was successfully applied for the determination of Amoxicillin trihydrate in pharmaceutical capsules formulation. The proposed method is simple, direct, sensitive and do not require any extraction process. Thus, this method could be readily applicable for the quality control and routine analysis.
Keywords
Amoxicillin Trihydrate, Bromocresol Purple, Spectrophotometric Method.References
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- Mrudul RK, Ravin MJ. A new spectrophotometric method for determination of amoxicillin using bromocresol green. World Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical sciences. 2014; 3(2): 1340-1348.
- Petkova V, Tsvetkova D D, Obreshkova D P, Dimitrov M, Papanov S, Atanaso P. Validation of TLC – densitometric method for quality control of amoxicillin in dosage drug products. World Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences. 2014; 3(5): 995-1008.
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- Batrawi N, Wahdan Sh, Al-Rimawi F. A validated stability-indicating HPLC method for simultaneous determination of amoxicillin and enrofloxacin combination in an injectable suspension. Sci. Pharm. 2017; 85(6):10. 3390.
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- Ahmed M, Babu S G, Shetty S K A. Development and validation of amoxicillin by RP-HPLC method in bulk drug and pharmaceutical dosage forms. International Journal of Chem Tech Research. 2011; 3(3): 1037-104.
- Hassouna M, Mohamed M. Development and validation of RP-HPLC method for determination of amoxicillin residues and application to NICOMAC coating machine. Journal of Analytical and Pharmaceutical Research. 2018; 7(5):586-594.
- Rajan V R, Rajesh N M. Simultaneous determination of amoxicillin trihydrate and bromhexine hydrochloride in pharmaceutical dosage by reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography. Der Pharma Chemica. 2013; 5(1):273-278.
- Uddina M N, Dasb S, Khana Sh H, Shilla S K, Bhuiyanb H R, Karim R. Simultaneous determination of amoxicillin and chloramphenicol and their drug interaction study by the validated UPLC method. Journal of Taibah University for Science. 2016; (10): 755–765.
- Pharmacopeia USP34 NF 29 2011.